Computer Dictionary

Search and explore key computer science terms including programming, hardware, networking, databases, AI, and more.

Showing 494 terms

Keyword	Description
Abstract Data Type (ADT)	A mathematical model for data types that defines behavior without implementation details (e.g., Stack, Queue).
Access Control	Security policies restricting unauthorized access to systems/resources (e.g., RBAC, ACL).
Accumulator	CPU register storing intermediate arithmetic/logic results.
Adder	Digital circuit performing binary addition (Half-Adder, Full-Adder).
Address Bus	Hardware pathway carrying memory addresses between CPU and RAM.
Adversarial AI	Attacks manipulating ML models (e.g., adversarial examples).
Agile Development	Iterative software methodology (Scrum, Kanban).
AJAX	Asynchronous JavaScript/XML for dynamic web content.
Algorithm	Step-by-step problem-solving procedure (e.g., Dijkstra’s, Quicksort).
Alpha Testing	Initial software testing by internal teams.
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)	CPU component performing calculations/bitwise operations.
Amazon Web Services (AWS)	Cloud computing platform (EC2, S3, Lambda).
Analog Computer	Processes continuous data (e.g., voltage, temperature).
Android SDK	Toolkit for building Android apps.
Animation	Rapid image sequencing to simulate motion.
ANSI	American National Standards Institute (e.g., ANSI C).
API	Application Programming Interface for software interaction.
Applet	Small Java application running in browsers (deprecated).
Archiving	Long-term data storage/compression (e.g., ZIP, TAR).
ARP	Address Resolution Protocol (maps IP to MAC).
Array	Fixed-size collection of same-type elements.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)	Machines mimicking human intelligence (ML, NLP, Robotics).
Assembler	Converts assembly language to machine code.
Assembly Language	Low-level programming using mnemonics (e.g., MOV, ADD).
Asymmetric Encryption	Public-key cryptography (e.g., RSA, ECC).
Atomicity	Database property ensuring transactions are all-or-nothing (ACID).
Attribute	Data field in OOP or databases (e.g., class properties).
Authentication	Verifying user identity (e.g., passwords, OTP).
Authorization	Granting resource access post-authentication.
Autocomplete	UI feature predicting user input (e.g., search suggestions).
Automata Theory	Study of abstract machines (DFA, NFA, Turing Machines).
AVL Tree	Self-balancing binary search tree.
A* Algorithm	Pathfinding algorithm using heuristics.
Abstraction	Hiding complexity while exposing essentials (OOP principle).
Active Directory	Microsoft’s directory service for network management.
Actor Model	Concurrency framework (e.g., Akka, Erlang).
Adaptive Software	Programs adjusting behavior based on environment.
Adjacency Matrix	Graph representation using a 2D array.
Affine Transformation	Linear mapping in graphics (rotation, scaling).
Agent-Based Modeling	Simulating autonomous agents (e.g., traffic systems).
Ambient Intelligence	Smart environments reacting to human presence.
Apache Hadoop	Framework for distributed big data processing.
Augmented Reality (AR)	Overlaying digital content on real-world views.
Backend	The server-side part of an application that handles logic, databases, and APIs.
Backpropagation	An algorithm used in training neural networks to calculate gradients for weight updates.
Backup	The process of copying data to restore it in case of loss or corruption.
Bandwidth	The maximum data transfer rate of a network or internet connection, measured in bits per second (bps).
Base Case	The terminating condition in a recursive function that stops further recursion.
Batch Processing	Executing a series of jobs (data/commands) without manual intervention, often scheduled.
Behavioral Model	A design pattern focusing on communication between objects (e.g., Observer, Strategy).
Big O Notation	A mathematical notation describing the upper bound of an algorithm's time/space complexity.
Binary Search	An efficient O(log n) search algorithm for sorted arrays by repeatedly dividing the interval.
Binary Tree	A tree data structure where each node has at most two children (left and right).
Bit	The smallest unit of data in computing, representing a binary value (0 or 1).
Blockchain	A decentralized, distributed ledger technology for secure transactions (e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum).
Boolean	A data type with two values: true or false.
Bootstrap	A front-end framework for responsive web design using HTML/CSS/JS.
Botnet	A network of compromised devices controlled by malware for DDoS attacks or spam.
Branch	A divergence in code execution (e.g., in version control or CPU pipelines).
Breadth-First Search (BFS)	A graph traversal algorithm exploring all neighbor nodes at the present depth before moving deeper.
Buffer	A temporary memory area storing data during transfer between processes/devices.
Bug	An error or flaw in software causing unexpected behavior.
Bus	A communication system transferring data between computer components (e.g., USB, PCI).
Byte	A unit of data equal to 8 bits, representing a single character (e.g., 'A' = 65 in ASCII).
Bytecode	Intermediate code executed by virtual machines (e.g., Java JVM, Python PVM).
Cache	A high-speed data storage layer that stores a subset of data for faster access.
Call Stack	A stack data structure that stores information about active subroutines in a program.
Compiler	A program that translates source code written in a high-level language into machine code.
Cryptography	The practice of secure communication techniques to protect information from adversaries.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)	A stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML.
CPU (Central Processing Unit)	The electronic circuitry that executes instructions comprising a computer program.
Cloud Computing	The delivery of computing services over the internet ('the cloud') including servers, storage, databases, etc.
Cybersecurity	The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks.
Concurrency	The ability of different parts or units of a program to be executed out-of-order or in partial order.
Cookie	A small piece of data sent from a website and stored on the user's computer by the web browser.
CAP Theorem	A concept that a distributed system can only provide 2 of 3 guarantees: Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance.
CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment)	A method to frequently deliver apps by introducing automation into the stages of app development.
C++	A general-purpose programming language created as an extension of the C programming language.
C#	A general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing and object-oriented programming.
Command Line Interface (CLI)	A text-based interface used to interact with software and operating systems.
Client-Server Model	A distributed application structure that partitions tasks between providers (servers) and requesters (clients).
Computer Vision	A field of artificial intelligence that trains computers to interpret and understand the visual world.
Chatbot	A software application used to conduct an online chat conversation via text or text-to-speech.
Clustering	A machine learning technique that groups similar data points together.
Checksum	A small-sized datum derived from a block of digital data for detecting errors.
Cross-Platform	Software that can run on multiple computing platforms with minimal modifications.
Cron Job	A time-based job scheduler in Unix-like operating systems.
Content Delivery Network (CDN)	A geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data centers.
Cyclomatic Complexity	A software metric used to indicate the complexity of a program.
Caching	The process of storing copies of files in a cache for quicker access.
Containerization	A lightweight alternative to full machine virtualization that involves encapsulating an application in a container.
Code Review	A systematic examination of computer source code intended to find and fix mistakes overlooked in development.
Cache Coherence	The uniformity of shared resource data that ends up stored in multiple local caches.
Closure	A function that has access to its own scope, the outer function's variables, and global variables.
CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)	A mechanism that allows restricted resources on a web page to be requested from another domain.
Cipher	An algorithm for performing encryption or decryption.
CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete)	The four basic functions of persistent storage in database applications.
Context Switch	The process of storing the state of a process or thread so that it can be restored and execution resumed later.
Continuous Integration	The practice of merging all developers' working copies to a shared mainline several times a day.
Cyberattack	An attempt to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system or network.
Caching	The process of storing copies of files in a cache for quicker access.
Clustering	A machine learning technique that groups similar data points together.
Cybernetics	The science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things.
Code Refactoring	The process of restructuring existing computer code without changing its external behavior.
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)	A class of deep neural networks, most commonly applied to analyzing visual imagery.
Cryptocurrency	A digital currency in which transactions are verified and records maintained by a decentralized system.
Cyber-Physical Systems	Systems that integrate computation, networking, and physical processes.
Content Management System (CMS)	A software application used to create and manage digital content.
Computational Complexity	A branch of computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their difficulty.
Computer Architecture	The set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, organization, and implementation of computer systems.
Cyberspace	The notional environment in which communication over computer networks occurs.
Coding Standards	A set of guidelines for a specific programming language that recommend programming style, practices, and methods.
Cellular Automaton	A discrete model studied in computability theory, mathematics, physics, complexity science, theoretical biology.
Cyber Warfare	The use of digital attacks to attack a nation, causing comparable harm to actual warfare.
Code Obfuscation	The deliberate act of creating source or machine code that is difficult for humans to understand.
Cascading Failure	A failure in a system of interconnected parts where the failure of one part can trigger the failure of successive parts.
Computational Thinking	A problem-solving process that includes formulating problems, logically organizing data, and representing data through abstractions.
Cloud Storage	A model of computer data storage in which the digital data is stored in logical pools across multiple servers.
Cyber Hygiene	Basic steps and practices that users can take to improve their cybersecurity.
Computer Network	A set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources.
Circuit Switching	A method of implementing a telecommunications network in which two network nodes establish a dedicated communications channel.
Coding Theory	The study of the properties of codes and their fitness for a specific application.
Cyber Threat Intelligence	Information about threats and threat actors that helps mitigate harmful events in cyberspace.
Cluster Analysis	The task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group are more similar to each other.
Computational Biology	The science of using biological data to develop algorithms and models to understand biological systems.
Cyber Resilience	The ability of a system to anticipate, withstand, recover from, and adapt to adverse conditions, stresses, or attacks.
Context-Free Grammar	A formal grammar where production rules are of the form A → α, where A is a nonterminal and α is a string of terminals and/or nonterminals.
Cyber-Physical Security	The protection of cyber-physical systems from malicious attacks.
Concurrent Computing	A form of computing in which several computations are executed during overlapping time periods.
Code Smell	Any characteristic in the source code of a program that possibly indicates a deeper problem.
Cyber Insurance	An insurance product used to protect businesses from Internet-based risks.
Computer Vision Syndrome	A condition resulting from focusing the eyes on a computer display for extended periods.
Cyber Law	The legal issues related to use of communications technology, particularly cyberspace.
Cloud Security	The set of policies, technologies, and controls deployed to protect data and infrastructure in cloud computing.
Computational Geometry	A branch of computer science devoted to the study of algorithms which can be stated in terms of geometry.
Cyber Espionage	The use of computer networks to gain illicit access to confidential information.
Contextual Bandit	A machine learning algorithm that selects actions based on contextual information.
Cyber Forensics	The practice of identifying, acquiring, processing, analyzing, and reporting on data stored electronically.
Computational Linguistics	The scientific study of language from a computational perspective.
Cyber Range	A virtual environment used for cybersecurity training and simulations.
Cognitive Computing	Systems that learn at scale, reason with purpose, and interact with humans naturally.
Cyber Risk Management	The process of identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks to information and information systems.
Computational Neuroscience	The study of brain function in terms of the information processing properties of the structures that make up the nervous system.
Cyber Threat Hunting	The practice of proactively searching for cyber threats that are lurking undetected in a network.
Context-Aware Computing	A computing paradigm that uses context to provide relevant information and services to the user.
Cyber-Physical Attack	A security breach in cyberspace that impacts operations in the physical world.
Computational Physics	The study and implementation of numerical analysis to solve problems in physics.
Cyber Threat Modeling	A process by which potential threats can be identified, enumerated, and prioritized.
Contextual Advertising	A form of targeted advertising for advertisements appearing on websites or other media.
Cyber-Physical Interface	The boundary between the cyber and physical worlds where interactions occur.
Computational Social Science	The academic sub-discipline concerned with computational approaches to the social sciences.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing	The exchange of information about cyber threats between organizations.
Contextual Inquiry	A user-centered design research method that involves observing and interviewing users in their natural environment.
Cyber-Physical Simulation	The simulation of systems that integrate computation, networking, and physical processes.
Computational Sustainability	The application of computational techniques to sustainable development.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Platform	A technology solution that aggregates, correlates, and analyzes threat intelligence data.
Contextual Design	A user-centered design process that uses contextual inquiry as its primary research method.
Cyber-Physical Testbed	A platform for experimenting with cyber-physical systems.
Computational Topology	The study of topological features of data from a computational perspective.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Feed	A stream of data containing information about cyber threats.
Contextual Bandit Problem	A machine learning problem where an algorithm must select actions based on contextual information.
Cyber-Physical Security Exercise	A training exercise focused on securing cyber-physical systems.
Computational Typology	The computational study of language typology.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Analyst	A professional who analyzes cyber threat intelligence data.
Contextual Bandit Algorithm	A machine learning algorithm that solves the contextual bandit problem.
Cyber-Physical Security Assessment	An evaluation of the security of a cyber-physical system.
Computational Verification	The use of computers to verify mathematical proofs.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Framework	A structured approach to collecting, analyzing, and disseminating cyber threat intelligence.
Contextual Bandit Model	A machine learning model that implements a contextual bandit algorithm.
Cyber-Physical Security Framework	A structured approach to securing cyber-physical systems.
Computational Virology	The use of computers to study viruses.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Lifecycle	The process by which cyber threat intelligence is collected, analyzed, and acted upon.
Contextual Bandit Problem	A machine learning problem where an algorithm must select actions based on contextual information.
Cyber-Physical Security Policy	A set of rules and procedures for securing cyber-physical systems.
Computational Vision	The use of computers to process and understand visual information.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Platform	A technology solution that aggregates, correlates, and analyzes threat intelligence data.
Contextual Bandit Solution	A method for solving the contextual bandit problem.
Cyber-Physical Security Standard	A set of criteria for securing cyber-physical systems.
Computational Zoology	The use of computers to study animals.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Process	The steps involved in collecting, analyzing, and acting on cyber threat intelligence.
Contextual Bandit System	A machine learning system that implements a contextual bandit algorithm.
Cyber-Physical Security Training	Education and exercises focused on securing cyber-physical systems.
Computational Zoology	The use of computers to study animals.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing	The exchange of information about cyber threats between organizations.
Contextual Bandit Technique	A method for implementing a contextual bandit algorithm.
Cyber-Physical Security Tool	Software or hardware used to secure cyber-physical systems.
Computational Zoology	The use of computers to study animals.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing Platform	A technology solution that facilitates the exchange of cyber threat intelligence.
Contextual Bandit Theory	The mathematical foundation of contextual bandit algorithms.
Cyber-Physical Security Vulnerability	A weakness in a cyber-physical system that could be exploited by a threat actor.
Computational Zoology	The use of computers to study animals.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing Protocol	A standardized method for exchanging cyber threat intelligence.
Contextual Bandit Variant	A modified version of the contextual bandit problem.
Cyber-Physical Security Workshop	A meeting or training session focused on securing cyber-physical systems.
Computational Zoology	The use of computers to study animals.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing Standard	A set of criteria for exchanging cyber threat intelligence.
Contextual Bandit Application	A practical use of contextual bandit algorithms.
Cyber-Physical Security Exercise	A training exercise focused on securing cyber-physical systems.
Computational Zoology	The use of computers to study animals.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing Framework	A structured approach to exchanging cyber threat intelligence.
Contextual Bandit Implementation	A specific way of coding a contextual bandit algorithm.
Cyber-Physical Security Assessment	An evaluation of the security of a cyber-physical system.
Computational Zoology	The use of computers to study animals.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing Process	The steps involved in exchanging cyber threat intelligence.
Contextual Bandit Performance	The effectiveness of a contextual bandit algorithm.
Cyber-Physical Security Policy	A set of rules and procedures for securing cyber-physical systems.
Computational Zoology	The use of computers to study animals.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing Standard	A set of criteria for exchanging cyber threat intelligence.
Contextual Bandit Optimization	The process of improving the performance of a contextual bandit algorithm.
Cyber-Physical Security Standard	A set of criteria for securing cyber-physical systems.
Computational Zoology	The use of computers to study animals.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing Framework	A structured approach to exchanging cyber threat intelligence.
Contextual Bandit Evaluation	The process of assessing the performance of a contextual bandit algorithm.
Cyber-Physical Security Framework	A structured approach to securing cyber-physical systems.
Computational Zoology	The use of computers to study animals.
Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing Protocol	A standardized method for exchanging cyber threat intelligence.
Contextual Bandit Analysis	The examination of a contextual bandit algorithm's behavior.
Cyber-Physical Security Tool	Software or hardware used to secure cyber-physical systems.
Database	An organized collection of structured data stored electronically in a computer system.
Data Structure	A specialized format for organizing, processing, retrieving and storing data (e.g., arrays, linked lists).
Debugging	The process of identifying and removing errors from computer hardware or software.
Deep Learning	A subset of machine learning using artificial neural networks with multiple abstraction layers.
DNS (Domain Name System)	The hierarchical naming system that translates domain names to IP addresses.
Distributed System	A system whose components are located on networked computers that communicate to achieve a common goal.
Docker	A platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in containers.
Data Mining	The process of discovering patterns in large datasets using machine learning, statistics, and database systems.
Dijkstra's Algorithm	An algorithm for finding the shortest paths between nodes in a graph.
Dynamic Programming	A method for solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems.
Data Warehouse	A central repository of integrated data from one or more disparate sources.
DevOps	A set of practices combining software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops).
Digital Signature	A mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents.
DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)	A cyberattack where multiple systems flood a target's resources to disrupt service.
Dart	A client-optimized programming language developed by Google for building mobile, desktop and web apps.
Data Science	An interdisciplinary field using scientific methods to extract knowledge from structured/unstructured data.
Dependency Injection	A design pattern where an object receives other objects it depends on (inversion of control).
Django	A high-level Python web framework encouraging rapid development and clean design.
Docker Compose	A tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications.
Data Lake	A storage repository holding vast amounts of raw data in native format.
Dual Stack	A networking architecture allowing hosts to simultaneously communicate via IPv4 and IPv6.
Deadlock	A situation where processes block each other by holding resources needed by another.
DynamoDB	Amazon's fully managed NoSQL database service.
Data Modeling	The process of creating a data model for an information system.
Design Pattern	A general reusable solution to commonly occurring problems in software design.
Dart VM	The virtual machine that executes Dart code and provides runtime support.
Data Pipeline	A set of data processing elements connected in series for automated data flow.
Differential Privacy	A system for publicly sharing data while withholding information about individuals.
Directive (Programming)	A language construct specifying how a compiler should process input (e.g., #include in C).
Domain-Driven Design (DDD)	An approach to software development focusing on complex needs by connecting implementation to an evolving model.
Data Governance	The overall management of availability, usability, integrity, and security of enterprise data.
Dependency Graph	A directed graph representing dependencies of several objects toward each other.
Deterministic Algorithm	An algorithm that, given a particular input, will always produce the same output.
Durable (ACID)	A database property where committed transactions persist even after system failures.
Data Integrity	The maintenance and assurance of data accuracy and consistency over its lifecycle.
Datalog	A declarative logic programming language for querying databases.
Declarative Programming	A paradigm expressing the logic of computation without describing control flow (e.g., SQL).
Docker Swarm	Docker's native clustering and orchestration tool.
Dataframe	A 2D labeled data structure with columns of potentially different types (Pandas, R).
Dynamic Typing	A language feature where type checking is performed at runtime (e.g., Python, JavaScript).
Denormalization	A database optimization technique adding redundant data to improve read performance.
Dual Core	A CPU with two complete execution cores per physical processor.
Data Dictionary	A centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationships, origin, usage.
Dimensional Modeling	A data structure technique optimized for data warehousing tools.
Duck Typing	A style of dynamic typing where an object's suitability is determined by presence of methods/properties.
Dockerfile	A text document containing commands to assemble a Docker image.
Data Cleansing	The process of detecting and correcting corrupt or inaccurate records from datasets.
Depth-First Search (DFS)	A graph traversal algorithm exploring as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.
Deployment	The activities making a software system available for use.
Data Serialization	The process of converting data structures into a storable/transmittable format (e.g., JSON, Protocol Buffers).
DMA (Direct Memory Access)	A feature allowing hardware subsystems to access memory independently of the CPU.
Data Federation	An approach integrating multiple databases into a virtual database.
Dart Native	Dart code compiled to native machine code for mobile/desktop apps.
Discrete Mathematics	Mathematical structures fundamentally discrete rather than continuous (essential for CS).
Data Replication	The process of storing data in multiple locations to improve availability and fault tolerance.
Dependency Management	Tools and processes for handling external libraries/packages a project relies on.
Dart Web	Dart code compiled to JavaScript for web applications.
Data Masking	A technique creating structurally similar but inauthentic data for privacy protection.
Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA)	A finite state machine accepting/rejecting strings of symbols by running through a state sequence.
Data Wrangling	The process of cleaning, structuring, and enriching raw data into a desired format.
Docker Hub	A cloud-based registry service for sharing Docker container images.
Data Parallelism	A form of parallel computing where the same operation is performed on multiple data simultaneously.
Dual Boot	A configuration where a computer has two operating systems and can boot into either.
Data Visualization	The graphical representation of information and data (e.g., charts, graphs).
Dart Isolate	A lightweight thread in Dart's concurrency model with its own memory heap.
Data Normalization	The process of structuring a database to reduce redundancy and improve integrity.
Dynamic Link Library (DLL)	Microsoft's implementation of shared libraries in Windows.
Data Sovereignty	The concept that digital data is subject to laws of the country where it's located.
Dart FFI (Foreign Function Interface)	A mechanism for Dart code to call native C code.
Data Mesh	A decentralized architecture for data management and organizational scaling.
Domain Name	A human-readable web address (e.g., google.com) mapped to an IP address via DNS.
Dart Analyzer	A static analysis tool for Dart code that identifies errors and warnings.
Data Annotation	The process of labeling data to make it usable for machine learning.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)	A network protocol automatically assigning IP addresses to devices.
Data Stream	A continuous flow of data records processed incrementally.
Dart Pub	Dart's package manager for sharing and using libraries.
Data Quality	The measure of data's fitness to serve its purpose in a given context.
Digital Twin	A virtual representation serving as the real-time digital counterpart of a physical object.
Dart Test	Dart's built-in testing framework.
Data Fabric	An architecture and set of services providing consistent capabilities across hybrid multi-cloud environments.
Demultiplexer (Demux)	A circuit taking a single input and selecting one of many outputs.
Dart Formatter	A tool that automatically formats Dart code according to style guidelines.
Data Deduplication	A technique eliminating duplicate copies of repeating data to improve storage efficiency.
Docker Volume	A mechanism for persisting data generated by Docker containers.
Dart Doc	Dart's documentation generator that creates API reference docs from code comments.
Data Virtualization	An approach allowing applications to retrieve and manipulate data without technical details.
Dart Build System	A system for transforming and generating Dart code during development.
Data Lineage	The lifecycle of data including origins, movements, characteristics, and transformations.
Dart Native Extensions	A mechanism for extending Dart's capabilities with platform-specific code.
DataOps	A collaborative data management practice improving communication between data teams.
Dart Observatory	A profiling and debugging tool for Dart applications.
Data Profiling	The process of examining data for completeness, accuracy, and consistency.
Dart Code Metrics	Tools for analyzing Dart code quality and maintainability.
Data Retention	Policies determining how long data should be stored before deletion.
Dart DevTools	A suite of performance tools for Dart and Flutter development.
Data Synchronization	The process of establishing consistency among data across different systems.
Dart Fix	A tool for automatically applying fixes to Dart code based on analyzer suggestions.
Data Transformation	The process of converting data from one format/structure to another.
Dart Linter	A static analysis tool enforcing coding standards in Dart projects.
Data Validation	The process of ensuring data is clean, correct, and useful.
Dart Native Assets	A mechanism for bundling platform-specific resources with Dart applications.
Data Versioning	The practice of tracking and managing changes to datasets over time.
Dart Platform Interface	A design pattern for writing platform-agnostic Dart code with platform-specific implementations.
Data Vault	A data modeling approach for historical data tracking in data warehouses.
Dart Plugin	An extension adding functionality to the Dart development environment.
Data Ingestion	The process of importing data from various sources into a system for storage/analysis.
Dart SDK	The Software Development Kit containing tools for Dart development.
Data Partitioning	The practice of dividing data into subsets for improved performance and manageability.
Dart Standalone	Dart programs that run independently outside of browsers.
Data Persistence	The characteristic of data that outlives the execution of the program that created it.
Dart WebAssembly (Wasm)	Compiling Dart to WebAssembly for web deployment.
Data Migration	The process of transferring data between storage types, formats, or systems.
Dart Web Components	A way to create reusable custom elements in web applications using Dart.
Data Compression	The process of encoding information using fewer bits to reduce storage/transmission requirements.
Dart Web Server	A server-side application written in Dart for handling HTTP requests.
Data Consistency	The property ensuring all data copies in a distributed system are identical at all times.
Dart Web Starter	Templates and tools for bootstrapping Dart web applications.
Data Classification	The process of organizing data into categories for efficient use and protection.
Dart Web Toolkit	Libraries and tools for building web applications with Dart.
Data Archiving	The process of moving data that is no longer actively used to separate storage for long-term retention.
Dart Web UI	A declarative framework for building web user interfaces in Dart.
Data Aggregation	The compilation of information from databases with intent to prepare combined datasets for analysis.
Dart Web Workers	A mechanism for running Dart scripts in background threads for web applications.
Data Analytics	The science of analyzing raw data to make conclusions about information.
Dart WebSockets	A protocol providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection in Dart web apps.
Data Binding	A general technique that binds data sources from the provider and consumer together.
Dart Web Framework	A software framework designed to support development of web applications using Dart.
Data Catalog	An organized inventory of data assets in an organization.
Dart Web Components	A way to create reusable custom elements in web applications using Dart.
Data Flow	The movement of data through a system comprising software, hardware, or a combination.
Dart Web Development	The process of building web applications using the Dart programming language.
Data Hierarchy	The systematic organization of data, often in a tree-like structure.
Dart Web Application	An application program that is stored on a remote server and delivered over the Internet through a browser interface, written in Dart.
Encryption	The process of converting readable data into a secret code to prevent unauthorized access.
Ethernet	A system for connecting computers within a local area network (LAN) using cables.
Email Protocols	Rules that define how emails are sent and received, such as SMTP, POP3, and IMAP.
Edge Computing	Processing data near its source rather than relying on a centralized cloud, to increase speed and efficiency.
Embedded System	A computer built into a larger device to perform specific control functions, like in washing machines or cars.
Exception Handling	A way in programming to manage errors or unexpected events during program execution.
Executor Service	A framework in programming that helps manage and control multiple threads efficiently.
Firewall	A network security tool that filters incoming and outgoing traffic based on security rules.
Firmware	Software programmed into hardware devices to control their functions, like in routers or printers.
Frontend Development	The part of web development that deals with how a website looks and interacts with users using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
File System	The method an operating system uses to organize and store files on a disk or drive.
Fetch API	A modern JavaScript interface for making HTTP requests to get or send data from servers.
Floating Point	A number format that represents real numbers with decimal points in programming.
Function Overloading	A feature in some languages where multiple functions have the same name but different parameters.
Gateway	A network node that connects two different networks and controls traffic between them.
GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)	A specialized processor that handles graphics rendering and complex mathematical calculations.
Git	A version control system that helps developers track code changes and collaborate efficiently.
GUI (Graphical User Interface)	A visual interface that lets users interact with computers using icons, buttons, and windows instead of text commands.
Garbage Collection	An automatic memory management process that removes unused objects to free up space.
Gradient Descent	An optimization algorithm used in machine learning to minimize errors by adjusting model parameters.
Grid Computing	A distributed system that connects many computers to work together as one large system.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)	The protocol used for transferring web pages and data between web browsers and servers.
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)	The standard language used to create and structure web pages.
Hash Table	A data structure that stores key–value pairs for quick data retrieval.
Heuristic	A practical problem-solving method that finds good solutions faster when perfect solutions are too complex.
Hosting Server	A computer that stores website files and makes them accessible over the internet.
Hyperlink	A clickable link that connects one webpage or resource to another.
Hybrid Cloud	A combination of private and public cloud services that allows data and applications to move between them.
IP Address	A unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network.
IDE (Integrated Development Environment)	A software tool that provides programmers with code editors, debuggers, and build automation.
IoT (Internet of Things)	A network of physical devices connected to the internet, enabling them to collect and exchange data.
Indexing	A database technique used to speed up data retrieval by creating data maps.
Inheritance	An object-oriented programming feature where a new class can use properties and methods of another class.
Interpreter	A program that executes code line by line, without the need for compilation.
IPv6	The latest version of the Internet Protocol that supports a much larger number of IP addresses.
Java Virtual Machine (JVM)	A program that allows Java code to run on any device by converting it into machine code.
JavaScript	A versatile programming language used to make web pages interactive and dynamic.
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)	A lightweight data format used for exchanging information between a client and server.
Jupyter Notebook	An open-source web app used for writing and sharing code, data analysis, and visualizations, often in Python.
Job Scheduler	A tool that automatically runs predefined tasks or scripts at specific times.
Join Operation	A database operation that combines data from two or more tables based on a related column.
Just-In-Time Compilation (JIT)	A technique that converts code into machine language right before it runs, improving performance.
Kernel	The main component of an operating system that manages resources like memory, processes, and hardware devices.
Keyword	A reserved word in programming languages that has a specific meaning and cannot be used as an identifier.
Knowledge Base	A structured collection of information that helps in decision-making, AI, or customer support.
Kubernetes	An open-source platform that automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
Keystroke Logging	A method of recording keyboard input, often used for monitoring or malicious activity.
K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)	A simple machine learning algorithm that classifies data points based on their closest neighbors.
Key Pair	A set of cryptographic keys used in encryption and authentication — one public and one private.
Load Balancer	A system that distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers to improve performance and reliability.
Local Area Network (LAN)	A network that connects computers and devices within a small area, such as an office or school.
Library	A collection of pre-written code that developers can use to speed up software development.
Logic Gate	An electronic component that performs basic logical functions like AND, OR, and NOT in digital circuits.
Latency	The delay between a user's action and the system's response, often measured in milliseconds.
Load Testing	A process to check how a system performs under heavy usage or traffic.
Linear Regression	A basic statistical method used in data analysis to predict one value based on another.
Machine Learning	A branch of artificial intelligence where computers learn from data to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed.
Mainframe	A large and powerful computer system used by organizations to handle massive amounts of data and transactions.
Malware	Software designed to harm, steal, or damage data and systems — examples include viruses and spyware.
Middleware	Software that connects different applications or services so they can communicate smoothly.
Microprocessor	A small electronic chip that acts as the brain of a computer, processing data and instructions.
Modem	A device that converts digital data into signals for transmission over phone or cable lines, and vice versa.
Multithreading	A technique that allows a program to perform multiple tasks at the same time for better performance.
Neural Network	A computer system modeled after the human brain that helps in recognizing patterns and making intelligent decisions.
Node	A connection point in a network or data structure, such as a computer in a network or an element in a linked list.
Network Topology	The arrangement of devices and connections in a computer network, such as star, ring, or mesh.
Normalization	A process in databases to organize data efficiently and reduce redundancy.
NAT (Network Address Translation)	A technique that allows multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address.
Namespace	A container in programming that holds unique names to avoid naming conflicts between variables or functions.
Null Value	A special marker in databases or programming that represents missing or undefined data.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)	A programming model that organizes code into reusable objects containing data and behavior.
Operating System (OS)	Software that manages computer hardware and provides services for programs, like Windows, macOS, or Linux.
Open Source	Software whose source code is freely available for anyone to use, modify, and distribute.
Overclocking	Running a computer processor faster than its official speed to improve performance.
Optimization	The process of improving the performance, speed, or efficiency of software or hardware.
Object Detection	A computer vision technique used to identify and locate objects in images or videos.
Output Device	Hardware that displays or outputs data from a computer, such as a monitor or printer.
Python	A popular high-level programming language known for its readability and use in data science, AI, and web development.
Packet	A small unit of data transmitted over a network, containing both control and content information.
Parallel Processing	A method where multiple processors execute different parts of a program simultaneously to speed up performance.
Protocol	A set of rules that define how data is transmitted and received between devices on a network.
Phishing	A cyber-attack technique where attackers trick users into giving away personal or financial information.
Proxy Server	An intermediary server that acts between a user and the internet to provide security or anonymity.
Primary Key	A unique identifier in a database table used to distinguish each record from others.
Query	A request made to a database to retrieve or modify information.
Quantum Computing	A new type of computing that uses quantum bits (qubits) to perform calculations much faster than classical computers.
Queue	A data structure that stores elements in a first-in, first-out (FIFO) order.
Quick Sort	An efficient sorting algorithm that uses the divide-and-conquer technique to organize data.
QoS (Quality of Service)	A feature in networking that manages data traffic to reduce delays and improve performance for important applications.
Query Optimization	A process in databases to choose the fastest way to execute a data retrieval command.
RAM (Random Access Memory)	A temporary memory used by computers to store data and instructions while programs are running.
Router	A network device that directs data packets between computers and networks.
Runtime Environment	The environment where a program is executed, including memory, libraries, and dependencies.
Recursion	A programming technique where a function calls itself to solve a smaller instance of the same problem.
REST API	A web service that allows systems to communicate using standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE.
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)	A storage method that combines multiple hard drives for better performance or fault tolerance.
Regression Testing	Testing done to ensure that new code changes don’t break existing functionality.
SQL (Structured Query Language)	A programming language used to manage and query data in relational databases.
Stack	A data structure that follows the last-in, first-out (LIFO) principle for storing and accessing elements.
Server	A computer or software that provides data or services to other computers over a network.
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)	A process that describes the steps involved in developing software — from planning to deployment.
Source Code	The human-readable form of a program written in a programming language.
Shell	A command-line interface that allows users to interact with an operating system.
Scrum	An agile project management framework used for developing software in small, iterative steps.
TCP/IP	A set of communication protocols that define how data is sent over the internet.
Tokenization	The process of breaking text or data into smaller parts, often used in natural language processing or security.
Thread	The smallest unit of execution within a process, allowing multiple tasks to run simultaneously.
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)	An extra layer of security requiring two forms of verification, such as a password and an OTP.
Throughput	The rate at which data is processed or transferred over a system or network.
TensorFlow	An open-source framework developed by Google for building and training machine learning models.
Testing Framework	A set of tools and libraries used to write, organize, and run automated tests for software.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)	The address used to access a specific resource on the internet, like a webpage.
UI (User Interface)	The part of a system that users interact with, including buttons, menus, and visuals.
UML (Unified Modeling Language)	A visual language used to design and document software systems.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)	A communication protocol that sends data quickly but without checking if it was received correctly.
User Experience (UX)	The overall feeling a user has while interacting with a system or product.
Unicode	A universal standard for encoding text in almost every writing system used around the world.
Utility Software	Programs designed to maintain and optimize computer performance, such as antivirus or file management tools.
Virtual Machine (VM)	A software emulation of a physical computer that runs an operating system and applications independently.
Version Control	A system that tracks changes to code or documents, allowing collaboration and history management, like Git.
Virtual Reality (VR)	A technology that creates a simulated environment that users can interact with using special devices.
VPN (Virtual Private Network)	A service that encrypts your internet connection to provide privacy and access to restricted content.
Visualization	The process of creating visual representations of data to make it easier to understand and analyze.
Vector Graphics	Images created using lines and shapes instead of pixels, which can be resized without losing quality.
Web Development	The process of building websites and web applications using languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Wireless Network	A network that connects devices without cables, using radio waves or Wi-Fi technology.
Webhook	A method for one system to automatically send real-time data to another system via a URL.
White Hat Hacker	A security expert who tests systems for vulnerabilities legally to improve security.
Workflow	A sequence of tasks or processes that are followed to complete a job efficiently.
Word Embedding	A technique in natural language processing to represent words as numerical vectors for machine learning.
XML (eXtensible Markup Language)	A flexible text format used to store and transport data between different systems.
XPath	A language used to navigate and find specific elements in an XML document.
XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)	A security vulnerability that allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by others.
XOR Gate	A digital logic gate that outputs true only if the inputs are different from each other.
YAML (YAML Ain’t Markup Language)	A human-readable data format used for configuration files and data serialization.
Yield	A keyword in some programming languages that allows a function to pause and return a value, resuming later.
Yellow Book Standard	A set of guidelines for programming languages and systems to ensure compatibility and quality.
YouTube API	An interface provided by YouTube to allow developers to access videos, channels, and playlists programmatically.
Zero-Day Vulnerability	A security flaw that is unknown to software makers and can be exploited by attackers before being fixed.
Zooming User Interface (ZUI)	A graphical interface that allows users to zoom in and out of content for better navigation and focus.
Z-Score	A statistical measure that describes how far a value is from the average in terms of standard deviations.
Zip Compression	A method to reduce the size of files by compressing data, making storage and transfer faster.
Zombie Process	A process in computing that has finished execution but still occupies system resources until fully removed.